Frozen Shoulder Release
Frozen Shoulder (Adhesive Capsulitis)
Frozen shoulder, or adhesive capsulitis, is a condition that causes pain, stiffness, and progressive loss of shoulder movement. Over time, the shoulder becomes increasingly difficult to move, even with assistance.
It most commonly affects people aged 40–60 years, with women more often affected than men, and is especially common in people with diabetes. In this condition, the shoulder capsule becomes inflamed, thickened, and tight, forming scar-like adhesions. The lubricating synovial fluid in the joint may also decrease, worsening stiffness.
Stages of Frozen Shoulder
Freezing Stage (6 weeks – 9 months)
- Gradual onset of pain
- Increasing stiffness
- Progressive loss of range of motion
Frozen Stage (4 – 6 months)
Pain may slightly reduce
Shoulder remains very stiff
Daily activities become difficult
Thawing Stage (6 months – 2 years)
Shoulder movement begins to improve
Gradual return to near-normal or full function
Causes & Risk Factors
The exact cause is unclear, but risk factors include:
Diabetes (Type 1 or 2) – most common risk factor
Thyroid disorders (hypo- or hyperthyroidism)
Parkinson’s disease
Heart conditions
Prolonged immobilisation after injury or surgery
Frozen shoulder can also develop without an obvious cause and is not linked to hand dominance or occupation.
Treatment Options
Non-Surgical Management
NSAIDs (e.g., ibuprofen) to reduce pain and inflammation
Physical therapy to improve range of motion and prevent stiffness
Corticosteroid injections to reduce inflammation and aid movement
Surgical Options (If conservative treatment fails)
Manipulation Under Anaesthesia (MUA)
The shoulder is gently moved under anaesthesia to break adhesions
Effective but carries risks like fractures or tendon injury
Arthroscopic Capsular Release
Minimally invasive surgery using a camera and small instruments
Tight capsule is precisely released with minimal trauma
Reduces post-op pain and enables faster rehabilitation
Combined with physiotherapy for long-term recovery
