Accident and injury Treatment
SLAP Tear (Superior Labrum Anterior and Posterior Tear)
A SLAP tear refers to an injury of the top part of the labrum, the ring of cartilage that surrounds the shoulder socket (glenoid). The term SLAP stands for Superior Labrum from Anterior to Posterior, indicating that the tear affects the front (anterior) and back (posterior) of the area where the biceps tendon attaches to the labrum. In many cases, the biceps tendon itself may also be involved.
Causes of SLAP Tears
SLAP tears can occur due to acute trauma or repetitive overhead motion of the shoulder.
Common causes include:
Falling on an outstretched arm
Sudden pulling of the arm (e.g., catching a heavy object)
Forceful overhead movements (like throwing)
Shoulder dislocation
Road traffic accidents or direct trauma
Athletes in throwing sports, weightlifting, or swimming are particularly at risk due to repetitive overhead actions
In people over 30–40 years, the labrum may naturally weaken and fray due to aging, making minor tears more likely and often asymptomatic.
Symptoms of a SLAP Tear
SLAP tears often mimic other shoulder conditions. Common signs include:
Clicking, popping, or catching sensations in the shoulder
Pain when lifting, especially overhead
Weakness or reduced shoulder strength
Feeling that the shoulder may “give way” or dislocate
Limited range of motion
Pitchers may report loss of throwing power or a “dead arm” feeling after performance
Treatment Options
Non-Surgical Management (First-Line)
Most SLAP tears are initially managed without surgery:
NSAIDs (e.g., ibuprofen, naproxen) to reduce pain and inflammation
Physical therapy:
Exercises to stretch the shoulder capsule and improve flexibility
Strengthening exercises targeting shoulder stabilisers
Therapy typically continues for 3 to 6 months, guided by a physiotherapist
Surgical Treatment (If Conservative Measures Fail)
If symptoms persist despite physiotherapy and medications, arthroscopic surgery may be recommended.
Arthroscopy is a minimally invasive procedure using a small camera (arthroscope) and specialised instruments inserted through tiny incisions.
Depending on the type of SLAP tear, your surgeon may:
Trim or remove frayed cartilage
Reattach the labrum to the socket using sutures and anchors
Release the biceps tendon if it’s contributing to pain (this is called a biceps tenotomy or tenodesis)
Recovery and rehab depend on the procedure performed and the severity of the tear.
